The same hacker selling MySpace’s data was found to be offering the email addresses and passwords of around 165 million LinkedIn users for just 5 bitcoins (around $2,000 at the time). Create a parent directory. Inadequate system segmentation made lateral movement easy for the attackers. Frustrated with their limited access to data, some researchers have begun creating companies or products in order to incentivize the public to contribute data to a research effort. Date: 2014-18Impact: 500 million customersDetails: Marriott International announced in November 2018 that attackers had stolen data on approximately 500 million customers. Ethical issues in nursing contain all the tough decisions the healthcare profession faces each day in caring for society. Information Business Even though digital information is evolving at a rapid pace, the world is still document-centric. People who buy data from questionable sources should be aware, then, of the possible dangers of unethical data in association with the GDPR. The attacker also claimed to have gained OAuth login tokens for users who signed in via Google. The attackers, which the company believed we “state-sponsored actors,” compromised the real names, email addresses, dates of birth and telephone numbers of 500 million users. Indeed, that’s one kind, but the coverage here relates to the information companies get through suspect means. The suspected culprit(s) — known as Gnosticplayers — contacted ZDNet to boast about the incident, saying that Canva had detected their attack and closed their data breach server. The company confirmed the incident and subsequently notified users, prompted them to change passwords, and reset OAuth tokens. For example, if a company sends an email to someone in the European Union and got their address from an entity that may have unethically acquired the data, the person could become wary and contact the company to assert they have never done business with the enterprise or even heard of them, so they certainly did not provide consent. Yahoo claimed that most of the compromised passwords were hashed. Blob storage stores unstructured data such as text, binary data, documents or media files. According to the company, lost data included email addresses, passwords and usernames for “a portion of accounts that were created prior to June 11, 2013, on the old Myspace platform.” According to Troy Hunt of HaveIBeenPwned, the passwords were stored as SHA-1 hashes of the first 10 characters of the password converted to lowercase. How this cyber attack works and how to... Ransomware explained: How it works and how to remove it. SETI@homeis probably one of the most famous examples of a collective action science experiment where everyday people are invited to run software that turns people’s personal computers into a supercomputer. Editor's note: This article, originally published in March 2014, is frequently updated to account for new breaches. Date:  2012 (and 2016)Impact: 165 million user accountsDetails: As the major social network for business professionals, LinkedIn has become an attractive proposition for attackers looking to conduct social engineering attacks. For example, an audit by the General Accounting Office of the information system for the Federal Family Education Loan Program, published on June 12, 1995, found that the system "did not adequately protect sensitive data files, applications programs, and systems software from unauthorized access, change, or disclosure." ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO DATA COLLECTION AND STORAGE (STUDY OBJECTIVE 11) There are many ethical issues related to the collection, storage, and protection of data in databases. For example, if Gap Inc. were a client, and had supplied Retention Science with consumer data, that information would never be shared -- even anonymously -- with other retail clients. The breach was eventually attributed to a Chinese intelligence group seeking to gather data on US citizens, according to a New York Times article. An About Us page, contact details and customer testimonials are some of the characteristics of a company webpage that could indicate trustworthiness. If data from unethical experiments can be replaced by data from ethically sound research and achieve the same ends, then such must be done. The company also paid an estimated $145 million in compensation for fraudulent payments. Security analysts had warned retailers about the vulnerability for several years, and it made SQL injection the most common form of attack against websites at the time. 3 UK Data Service – Big data and data sharing: Ethical issues This a brief introduction to ethical issues arising in social research with big data. Date: 2013-14Impact: 3 billion user accountsDetails: Yahoo announced in September 2016 that in 2014 it had been the victim of what would be the biggest data breach in history. I highly doubt that! Now that so-called big data is providing access to information that would not previously have been discovered, what are the ethical boundaries around companies use of this data? Kayla Matthews is a technology writer dedicated to exploring issues related to the Cloud, Cybersecurity, IoT and the use of tech in daily life. Bad Data Ethics Examples. Even when companies buy back the data that was theirs from the start, they demonstrate a demand that makes thieves feel validated. The United NationsFundamental Principles of Official Statistics, the International Statistical Institute's Declaration on Professional Ethics, and the American Statistical A… Because of the breach, the Payment Card Industry (PCI) deemed Heartland out of compliance with its Data Security Standard (DSS) and did not allow it to process payments of major credit card providers until May 2009. This, however, doesn’t tally as some of the information being offered such as location data, isn’t available via the API. What is phishing? Subject-victims of Nazi research were predominantly Jews, but also included Romanies (Gypsies), prisoners of war, political prisoners, and others (Germany [Territory Under Allied Occupation … ]; Caplan). That number was raised to 147.9 million in October 2017. This unethical practice essentially tricks a website buyer into thinking a website transaction is complete when, in fact, the business never gets notice of the sale, and the money is lost offshore. The smallest incident on this list involved the data of a mere 134 million people. These ethical issues related to such data in databases can be examined from three perspectives: Ethical responsibilities of … Create a Data Lake service client. How to access it... 15 signs you've been hacked—and how to... What is the Tor Browser? However, it wasn’t until 2016 that the full extent of the incident was revealed. It was reported in that email addresses and plaintext passwords of some 235 million accounts from NetEase customers were being sold by a dark web marketplace vendor known as DoubleFlag. If a seller obtained data through illegitimate means, they might not want to be forthcoming with their name or other details. Taking that approach creates an ethical dilemma. For example, a hacker might redirect the donation system of a non profit organization and have the money sent to an offshore account controlled by the hacker. The company was criticized at the time for a lack of communication with its users and poor implementation of the password-renewal process. Big data analytics raises a number of ethical issues, especially as companies begin monetizing their data externally for purposes different from those for which the data was initially collected. Studies that make conclusions about crime rates among certain ethnic or socioeconomic status groups are another example where data ethics are a concern. Nazi experimental atrocities included investigation of quicker and more e… collection and storage What happens when data travel? Delete a file system. An example of partial use of the data occurs in the case of work carried. LinkedIn acknowledged that it had been made aware of the breach, and said it had reset the passwords of affected accounts. Date: October 2013Impact: 153 million user recordsDetails: As reported in early October of 2013 by security blogger Brian Krebs, Adobe originally reported that hackers had stolen nearly 3 million encrypted customer credit card records, plus login data for an undetermined number of user accounts. But, when companies buy what criminals have to sell, they incentivize them to continue. Why is it that some studies only use data on certain cities and not others? Date: July 29, 2017Impact: 147.9 million consumersDetails: Equifax, one of the largest credit bureaus in the US, said on Sept. 7, 2017 that an application vulnerability in one of their websites led to a data breach that exposed about 147.9 million consumers. The New England Patriots, another successful and data-driven team I … CSO |. A federal grand jury indicted Albert Gonzalez and two unnamed Russian accomplices in 2009. The breach was discovered in January 2009 when Visa and MasterCard notified Heartland of suspicious transactions from accounts it had processed. Financial information, such as credit card numbers, was stored separately and was not compromised. And, that’s just a start. However, it has also fallen victim to leaking user data in the past. Storage, security and disposal of research data Your responsibilities. out by the scientists Haywood and Pozos who, while acknowledging that the experiments . Zynga later confirmed that email addresses, salted SHA-1 hashed passwords, phone numbers, and user IDs for Facebook and Zynga accounts were stolen. Not long ago, a breach that compromised the data of a few million people would have been big news. What is the Tor Browser? People give their data to buy things, receive offers from the brands they like and conduct internet-based transactions, such as renewing their driver’s licenses. About 3.5 billion people saw their personal data stolen in the top two of 15 biggest breaches of this century alone. Data Lake Storage Gen2 samples Data Lake service. Date: 2013Impact: 360 million user accountsDetails: Though it had long stopped being the powerhouse that it once was, social media site MySpace hit the headlines in 2016 after 360 million user accounts were leaked onto both LeakedSource (a searchable databased of stolen accounts) and put up for sale on dark web market The Real Deal with an asking price of 6 bitcoin (around $3,000 at the time). Date:  February 2018Impact: 150 million user accountsDetails: As well as Dubsmash, UnderArmor-owned fitness app MyFitnessPal was among the massive information dump of 16 compromised sites that saw some 617 million customers accounts leaked and offered for sale on Dream Market. Date:  October 2015Impact: 235 million user accountsDetails: NetEase is a provider of mailbox services through the likes of 163.com and 126.com. Date:  September 2019Impact: 218 million user accountsDetails: Once a giant of the Facebook gaming scene, Farmville creator Zynga is still one the biggest players in the mobile game space with millions of players worldwide. Businesses can take several steps to tell if the data they have might be unethical — here are five of them. How to master email security... 10 things you should know about dark web websites. Some are rooted in time and will never change, while others are brought about by new changes in technology. Create a file and subdirectory. Failing to include number of eligible partici-pants. For example, if a company sends an email to someone in the European Union and got their address from an entity that may have unethically acquired the data, the person could become wary and contact the company to assert they have never done business with the enterprise or even heard of them, so they certainly did not provide consent. MyFitnessPal acknowledged the breach and required customers to change their passwords, but didn’t share how many accounts were affected or how the attackers gained access to the data. How to access it and what you'll find, 15 signs you've been hacked—and how to fight back, The 15 biggest data breaches of the 21st century. 8 video chat apps compared: Which is best for security? List paths in a file system. Several components of it relate to getting consent before processing data. Leading Tech Trends 2020 Cloud computing has become the norm. Brands including PayPal have compensated intermediaries for buying back data that criminals stole from the companies. Gonzalez, a Cuban American, was alleged to have masterminded the international operation that stole the credit and debit cards. But, it’s still possible to check domain name registrations or see when a business first appeared on Facebook when deciding whether to proceed with buying data. You can read more from Kayla on her personal website. The FriendFinder Network, which included casual hookup and adult content websites like Adult Friend Finder, Penthouse.com, Cams.com, iCams.com and Stripshow.com, was breached in mid-October 2016. How to... What are DMARC, SPF and DKIM? For example are all Facebook users’ over the age of 15? Example – Informed consent to publish Tweets 6 Background to the research question 6 Issues, constraints and decisions 6 Outcomes 7 Legal disclaimer 7 Resources 7 Anonymisation 7 Genre specific 7 References 8 About Libby Bishop 9. The breach initially occurred on systems supporting Starwood hotel brands starting in 2014. immoral or unethical, a few potential examples of inaccurately reporting data may include: 1. The breaches knocked an estimated $350 million off the value of the company. As CSO reported at the time that, “A researcher who goes by 1x0123 on Twitter and by Revolver in other circles posted screenshots taken on Adult Friend Finder (that) show a Local File Inclusion vulnerability (LFI) being triggered.” He said the vulnerability, discovered in a module on the production servers used by Adult Friend Finder, “was being exploited.”. The attackers remained in the system after Marriott acquired Starwood in 2016 and were not discovered until September 2018. What happens if a journal requests your data? Top 10 Most Prevalent Ethical Issues In Nursing. As of 2019, 94% of IT professionals were using the cloud in some form or another. The breach was discovered on July 29, but the company says that it likely started in mid-May. An agreement in August 2015 called for Adobe to pay a $1.1 million in legal fees and an undisclosed amount to users to settle claims of violating the Customer Records Act and unfair business practices. Ethical Guidelines on Data Storage and Security (Note that these guidelines have been designed to prevent the unintended sharing of data - please see the document titled ‘Guidelines for Researchers on Issues around Open Access Data’ if you are interested in issues around the intentional sharing of data). For example, with so much data and with powerful analytics, it may be impossible to remove the ability to identity individuals, if there are no rules established for the use of anonymized data files. The scale and ease with which analytics can be conducted today completely changes the ethical framework. However, according to a later post by Canva, a list of approximately 4 million Canva accounts containing stolen user passwords was later decrypted and shared online, leading the company to invalidate unchanged passwords and notify users with unencrypted passwords in the list. The weak SHA-1 hashing algorithm protected most of those passwords. Passwords were not included, which may indicate why the data was available for just ¥1,799 ($250). Date: March 2020Impact: 538 million accounts Details: With over 500 million users, Sina Weibo is China’s answer to Twitter. The attackers were able to take some combination of contact information, passport number, Starwood Preferred Guest numbers, travel information, and other personal information. Directory . Create a file system. The stolen data spanned 20 years on six databases and included names, email addresses and passwords. Some sellers of unethical data are becoming more commercialized and set up websites or social media profiles to broaden their appeal. The company asked customers to change their passwords. The timing of the original breach announcement was bad, as Yahoo was in the process of being acquired by Verizon, which eventually paid $4.48 billion for Yahoo’s core internet business. Data Storage; Contact; Select Page. Subscribe to access expert insight on business technology - in an ad-free environment. Then in December 2016, Yahoo disclosed another breach from 2013 by a different attacker that compromised the names, dates of birth, email addresses and passwords, and security questions and answers of 1 billion user accounts. 12 security career-killers (and how to avoid them). Some individuals may assume that if a company wants to stay above-board, it does everything it can to steer clear of data that could be unethical. Without further ado, here, listed in alphabetical order, are the 15 biggest data breaches in recent history, including who was affected, who was responsible, and how the companies responded. Create a directory client. Many of the people that provide unethical data operate on the Dark web, so average internet users often don’t know they exist. The same vendor was also selling information taken from other Chinese giants such as Tencent’s QQ.com, Sina Corporation and Sohu, Inc. NetEase has reportedly denied any breach. There are other examples of borderline and/or overt inappropriate collection or use of data in both sports and business. These take on different flavors and have different levels of transparency. For example, data collection can be made inherently biased by posing the wrong questions that stimulate strong emotions rather than objective realities. Nissenbaum noted that some previously proposed mitigations are persuasive (for example, requiring that collected data only be read by machines or be subject to strict use requirements), and they may even be ethically defensible given certain types of conditions and assurances. We also made a distinction between incidents where data was stolen for malicious intent and those where an organization inadvertently left data unprotected and exposed. Another example of data getting out of hand, said Buytendijk, is data integration projects in the public sector, resulting in identity theft victims being persistently arrested. The information was being sold as part of a collected dump also including the likes of MyFitnessPal (more on that below), MyHeritage (92 million), ShareThis, Armor Games, and dating app CoffeeMeetsBagel. However, in March 2020 it was reported that the real names, site usernames, gender, location, and -- for 172 million users -- phone numbers had been posted for sale on dark web markets. We trust big data and its processing far too much, according to Altimeter analysts. Processing covers a wide range of operations performed on personal data, including by manual or automated means. CSO provides news, analysis and research on security and risk management, 10 things work-from-home employees can do now to help protect the network, Undervalued and ineffective: Why security training programs still fall short, How to select a DLP solution: 9 unusual considerations, How to defend against OAuth-enabled cloud-based attacks, How to harden Microsoft Edge against cyberattacks, The biggest data breach fines, penalties and settlements so far, Sponsored item title goes here as designed, CSO's ultimate guide to security and privacy laws, regulations, and compliance. It also said that since doesn't store passwords in plaintext, users should have nothing to worry about. Now, breaches that affect hundreds of millions or even billions of people are far too common. Questions so far? When people think of unethical data, instances of knowingly tweaking information to make it show misleading conclusions often come to mind. Two a series of reports detail Cambridge Analytica’s use of Facebook data and how it was allegedly used to underpin efforts to manipulate the 2016 presidential election. Oldsmar cyberattack raises importance of water utility... SolarWinds attack explained: And why it was so hard to... 9 types of malware and how to recognize them, The state of the dark web: Insights from the underground, How and why deepfake videos work — and what is at risk, What is the dark web? Compliance and Business Innovation When the U.S. based non-profit organization RHD | Resources for Human Development decided to move its operations into the cloud, one of its top priorities was compliance. This widespread adoption means that although it was once a ... SMEs & ERP Solutions Remaining competitive in the market is the primary goal of every business. So, if people who use data get offers to buy some almost immediately after a major data breach gets publicized, they should be cautious and inquire about the source. Unethical data is more common than individuals think, but awareness can avoid the potential risks of using it. Here are some of the biggest, baddest breaches in recent memory. Weibo acknowledged the data for sale was from the company, but claimed the data was obtained by matching contacts against its address book API. Later that month, Adobe raised that estimate to include IDs and encrypted passwords for 38 million “active users.” Krebs reported that a file posted just days earlier “appears to include more than 150 million username and hashed password pairs taken from Adobe.” Weeks of research showed that the hack had also exposed customer names, IDs, passwords and debit and credit card information. The social media giant said it had notified authorities about the incident and China’s Cyber Security Administration of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said it is investigating. Blobs can be accessed from anywhere in the world via HTTP or HTTPS. Equifax was also slow to report the breach. Chief among them was that the application vulnerability that allowed the attackers access was unpatched. The more information a criminal has, the easier it is for them to impersonate victims. In 2012 the company announced that 6.5 million unassociated passwords (unsalted SHA-1 hashes) were stolen by attackers and posted onto a Russian hacker forum. File system. Copyright © 2021 IDG Communications, Inc. The Heartland breach was a rare example where authorities caught the attacker. Canva says the hackers managed to view, but not steal, files with partial credit card and payment data. During World War II, German researchers performed a large number of experiments in concentration camps and elsewhere. As an increasing number of companies collect data, the likelihood of hackers infiltrating systems and taking it goes up. Note: This sample uses the .NET 4.5 asynchronous programming model to demonstrate how to call Azure Storage using asynchronous API calls. For example, the EU has the General Data Protection Regulation, which governs and protects individuals’ data privacy, while the U.S. is more lax about privacy protection. The 15 biggest data breaches of the 21st century Data breaches affecting millions of users are far too common. Even if parental consent is required, this doesn’t mean that a parent actually consented. In September 2019, a Pakistani hacker who goes by the name Gnosticplayers claimed to have hacked into Zynga's database of Draw Something and Words with Friends players and gained access to the 218 million accounts registered there. Cybercriminals know data is lucrative, and although they don’t always sell it, they realize personal information is extremely valuable, especially if sold in bulk and the seller has lots of related information. Dubsmash acknowledged the breach and sale of information had occurred — and provided advice around password changing — but failed to say how the attackers got in or confirm how many users were affected. Unethical behavior might arise at any point - from data collection to data interpretation. Identity and access management explained, What is OAuth? So, Twitter did not make this list. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): What you need to... What is personally identifiable information (PII)? We can now do things that were impossible a few years ago, and existing ethical … The code of ethics of the American Sociological Association advises sociologists to "adhere to the highest possible technical standards that are reasonable and responsible in their research…act with honesty and integrity; and avoid untrue, deceptive, or undocumented statements…and avoid conflicts of interest and the appearance of conflict." Why should SMEs embrace Cloud ERP solutions? Halliburton’s unethical offenses are so many that they are best summarized in list form: – Halliburton has been accused, multiple times, of engaging in business transactions with countries with which trades are prohibited by the US government. Answer. These are the most prevalent issues nurses face. Create a file client. – Data Sharing / Data Storage. Date: March 2008Impact: 134 million credit cards exposedDetails: At the time of the breach, Heartland was processing 100 million payment card transactions per month for 175,000 merchants — mostly small- to mid-sized retailers. Editor, 1. Employees should have to thoroughly read the policy and sign it to commit to behaving ethically and reporting unethical behavior. They may also ask for payment through a method that’s hard to trace, like cryptocurrency. Create a directory. CSO compiled this list of the biggest 21st Century breaches using simple criteria: The number of people whose data was compromised. Data breaches dominate news headlines in today’s society. The breach compromised the personal information (including Social Security numbers, birth dates, addresses, and in some cases drivers' license numbers) of 143 million consumers; 209,000 consumers also had their credit card data exposed. Some went so far as to ... How to Tell If You’re Using Unethical Data, Information is at the Heart of Your Business, It May Not Be Sexy, But Strict Compliance Delivers The Freedom To Innovate, Deep learning to avoid real time computation. These tips should help people evaluate data sources and decide whether to trust them. List file systems in an Azure storage account. He was sentenced in March 2010 to 20 years in federal prison. Whichever ethical requirement may be chosen, the history of human research offers grim examples of its violation. Researchers must ensure that proper arrangements have been made for the security and storage of confidential data collected in the course of research projects involving human participants. Avoiding the snags and snares in data breach reporting: What CISOs need to know, 7 security incidents that cost CISOs their jobs, 7 overlooked cybersecurity costs that could bust your budget. The data may have been stolen or otherwise obtained from people without consent. Date: May 2014Impact: 145 million usersDetails: eBay reported that an attack exposed its entire account list of 145 million users in May 2014, including names, addresses, dates of birth and encrypted passwords. Her work can be seen on such sites as The Huffington Post, MakeUseOf, and VMBlog. Nonetheless, she suggested that it is important to understand what is at stake in these contexts. Formulate a conspicuous company policy in writing that clearly defines and distinguishes between ethical and unethical behavior. In November 2016, the amount paid to customers was reported at $1 million. Nov 12, 2018 | Resources. Having children freely disclose information not knowing who is watching and that they have actually allowed creators to store information is highly concerning. Date: October 2016Impact: 412.2 million accountsDetails: This breach was particularly sensitive for account holders because of the services the site offered. Equifax was faulted for a number of security and response lapses. The attackers exploited a known vulnerability to perform a SQL injection attack. Secrecy is the name of the game. Both of those things are potential warning signs associated with unethical data. If businesses or data scientists need to buy data for their projects, it’s best to do business with an entity that has a proven history of providing quality leads lists. And, experts say the overall worth goes up in multiples of five for each piece of supplementary information, such as a name or an address. Subscribe today! Coercing an injured worker not to report a work injury to workers' compensation by threatening him with the loss of a job or benefits. Unethical behavior has no place at work, and it is your responsibility to be forthcoming about disclosing unethical situations. The 4 pillars of Windows network security, Why CISOs must be students of the business. Date:  December 2018Impact: 162 million user accountsDetails: In December 2018, New York-based video messaging service Dubsmash had 162 million email addresses, usernames, PBKDF2 password hashes, and other personal data such as dates of birth stolen, all of which was then put up for sale on the Dream Market dark web market the following December. Date:  May 2019Impact: 137 million user accountsDetails: In May 2019 Australian graphic design tool website Canva suffered an attack that exposed email addresses, usernames, names, cities of residence, and salted and hashed with bcrypt passwords (for users not using social logins — around 61 million) of 137 million users. In February 2018 the usernames, email addresses, IP addresses, SHA-1 and bcrypt-hashed passwords of around 150 million customers were stolen and then put up for sale a year later at the same time as Dubsmash et al. Claimed that most of those things are potential warning signs associated with unethical data is more common individuals. Any point - from data collection to data interpretation Starwood hotel brands starting in unethical data storage examples had been aware! Data was compromised attackers exploited a known vulnerability to perform a SQL injection attack 350! Ransomware explained: how it works and how to... What is OAuth those passwords numbers... 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