The above quote is from Alexander Pope. 34 22 In sentence 5, when Henry states, "I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery," he commits a logical fallacy. Henry will contain the truth in his argument regardless of the cost of realizing the illusion of hope and will try to use the truth to benefit their cause. 24. For Example: 9 Alternatives For You to Choose From. The Convention members consider themselves to be men of integrity and ethics, as Henry acknowledged in sentence 1. To see how big of a difference parallelism plays, lets take a look at an example that doesnt use parallel structures. Thus, there are only two options left: success or failure in war against Britain. Linguaholic 2023 |Iseli International Commerce | Privacy Policy | About Us | Careers. When you juxtapose two things, you place them next to each other to highlight either their similarities or their differences. Cite evidence from the text. 0000000736 00000 n An example Henry uses relating King George's bane characteristics was to Judas in the Bible. Many other members of the convention want to remain humble and respectful towards Britain and negotiate a treaty. (10) Is this the part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? It will not include hope, because Henry explains that in order to move forward and obtain liberty, they must be fully aware of the issues at hand. Sententia, especially useful in speeches, is an argumentative device that uses sound to sum up an argument. Here are some examples of antithesis used in everyday speech: Go big or go home. (34) Nothing. These delegates were wealthy and powerful and they had much to lose; Henrys request was a big decision that many of them were reluctant to make. (59) If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. 6. In addition, Henry is hoping to imply that since he is also a member of the Convention that they will give him and his ideas the same respect. In fact, they are so iconic that Im sure you have watched the footage or have heard the recording of Armstrong first uttering these words. Henry makes an appeal 1726 Words 7 Pages Decent Essays Read More Consider sentence 40, especially the verbs. Rhetorical parenthesis is the insertion into a sentence of an explanatory word or phrase. It's really an incredibly powerful rhetorical tool when used in this way. (55) Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. 8. In sentence one, Henry acknowledges patriotism of all people speaking to the house. Who does Henry believe represents Judas and how does this allusion as a metaphor contribute to Henrys argument? ", -Martin Luther King, Jr. in a commencement address at Oberlin College in June 1965, "I know not what course others may take: but as for me,give me liberty or give me death. How does Henry attempt to connect the fate of Virginia to that of Boston, and why would he wish to make this connection? How does Henry use both parallelism and verb choice (diction) to explain that the Colonies have tried many steps to maintain peace? 17. -To amplify: "the war is actually begun" (sentence 67) This indicates the courage that Henry displays by making the speech and by implication he recognizes the courage that will be necessary for his fellow delegates to take action. A 1929 Debate, The Marshall Plan Speech: Rhetoric and Diplomacy. By appealing to religion as he calls upon the majesty of heaven, Henry makes an ethical (ethos) appeal that his audience will understand intellectually and emotionally. 0000003619 00000 n in. Find an example of Henry's return to an image of slavery at the end of this paragraph. Henry continues to use gentlemen in this paragraph. Henry states that he is willing to suffer a traitors death rather than be denied liberty. Identify the parenthesis and Henry's purpose for including it. 11. The provenance of the speech notwithstanding, Henrys words provide a rich source to study rhetorical strategies and classical argument, and that study is the focus of this lesson. What is the sententia in this speech? "Where is antithesis in Patrick Henry's speech to the Virginia Convention?" In sentences 61 and 62 he states, Our chains are forged! They feed, they move around, and some of them can think depending on which movie you are watching. In paragraph 4 Henry uses procatalepsis, an argumentative strategy that anticipates an objection and then answers it. The obvious, and unspoken, answer is liberty, of course. 9.;;0pV#i?mAYw3Y6L~Xe~XPgv31m5Q5^. (14) I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. In sentence 58, what does Henry mean by we have no election? We also describe parting as sweet sorrow.. (48) But when shall we be stronger? In a metonomy, something strongly associated with an element is substituted for it (for instance, The White House is substituted for the President). He delivered it on July 5, 1852 to the women of the Rochester Anti-Slavery Sewing Society--and in that speech youll find a number of striking examples of antithesis. There are two major elements of antithesis in Henry's speech (as reconstructed by Wirt): first, Henry presents an argument directed toward contradicting those of the other men who have spoken at the convention. What does "give me liberty or give me death" mean? A specific example of antithesis in his speech is as follows: Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? (22) Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. Why does Henry begin the second sentence with "but"? Latest answer posted October 05, 2018 at 2:33:54 PM. Juxtaposition means to put two elements side by side, often for comparison. How does this allusion contribute to Henry's argument? One really famous example is Neil Armstrong's statement as he stepped onto the moon's surface; he said, "One small step for man; one giant leap for mankind." and other greats haveemployedin public speaking. He is emphasizing the life changing issue. Patrick Henry, former governor of Virginia, bravely spoke on the 23rd of March, 1775, at St. John's Church, introducing his strategies to end the American Revolution in victory. It illustrates the positive qualities of the people fighting in the battle. What does Henry mean by "awful moment" in sentence 4? 37. He uses rhetorical questions like: Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery" antithesis like: Give me liberty, or give me death. In an environment of digital media and world-wide instant communication, students may wonder how Henrys words were preserved. For example, we describe zombies as the "living dead," which illustrates their contradictory nature. Has Great Britain any enemy, in this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none. Instead of relying on the British to protect their liberties, the Americans must be prepared to fight for themto the death, if necessary. Here are two: "To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity.". Henry does this in sentences 11 and 12. In sentences 70 through 73 Henry asks a series of questions, "Why stand we here idle? When Henry uses solace, he says "And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British Ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the house." Anyone who is a DC fan knows that the above phrase is from the oath of the Green Lanterns. It tells us that a Green Lanterns duty is to fight evil during the best of times and the worst of times. Freedom Or Slavery: Analysis Of Patrick Henry's Speech In The Virginia Convention . Find an example of asyndeton in this paragraph. FL_L11PE-u01s41-VirCon.indd 226 1/28/08 4:47:05 PMFL_L11PE-u01s41-VirCon.indd 227 1/28/08 4:47:07 PM 1 Targeted Passage Why do you think Henry begins his speech with the statement "Mr. President: No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the house. In this lesson students will deconstruct Patrick Henrys famous speech to explore the tools of effective persuasion, including appeals, rhetorical strategies, and classical argument. Find an example of asyndeton in this paragraph. In a synecdoche, part of an element substitutes for the whole (for instance, farm hands means farm laborers). Conclusion: Therefore, we must fight to achieve results. Rhetorical parenthesis is the insertion into a sentence of an explanatory word or phrase. Would they rather ignore the situation and have dangerous outcomes (this choice is defined by the previous allusions to the sirens and Ezekiel) or instead know the truth and prepare? On the other hand, they are alive in every sense of the word. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Henry uses the word "hope" several times in this speech. An example of slave imagery in paragraph 3 is "they are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains, which the British ministry have been so long forging". Find an example of slave imagery in this paragraph. People were interested in and aimed for liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity . Asyndeton is a series of phrases or words with conjunctions deleted. Why does he make this connection? 20. (13) I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience. trailer The Peroratio, or conclusion, has several purposes, including: to restate an argument, to amplify reasoning, to inspire an audience, and to rouse emotional responses. As a practiced lawyer and orator, Henry understood the power of rhetoric to appeal to others and employed all three rhetorical appeals in . How, in this sentence, does Henry suggest that his listeners can trust him? (16) Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received? 39. So, how is this different from antithesis? A big reason for this is that it comes across as any other line that presents two contrasting ideas. Patrick Henry, speech to the Virginia Convention, March 23, 1775. Julie est au parc avec son amie Caroline et rpond a\`{a}a sa question sur leurs vacances avec les parents de Julie. Why? Henry's purpose in using this image in paragraph 3 is to explain that the Colonies failed when they attempted to fight (fight meaning argue) the British that are trying to enslave them. In his question, he depicts the people's lack of action towards war as "lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot". Do you know Patrick Henry's famous line that owes its zip to antithesis? A definition speech explains a concept, theory, or philosophy about which the audience knows little. Allusions, unexplained references to other sources, are commonly based upon the Bible or mythology. In the question above, the British assembly of "fleets and armies," instruments of war, is antithetical to ideas of "love and reconciliation." Latest answer posted October 12, 2020 at 12:14:59 PM. 887 Words4 Pages. Or to take arms against a sea of trouble. 10. Copyright 20102022 National Humanities Center. He explains how the people must fight for hope and independence. For an electronic version of Wirts book, visit this link: Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry. He is appealing to the ethical integrity of his audience by articulating their earthly and heavenly responsibilities. In 1775 American independence was not a foregone conclusion. Hypophora is a special type of rhetorical question whereby a question is asked and then answered by the speaker (as opposed to a typical rhetorical question, which is either not answered or has a yes/no answer). Rather than the word of God, which is the lamp found in the Biblical verse, what is the lamp that Henry uses to guide his feet in sentence 13? He chooses verbs that are increasingly dramatic to remind his audience that the Colonies have tried everything without result. He reminds his audience that he, like them, is a believer and is trustworthy. The text of this speech is well known; less well known is the fact that there was no actual transcript created of Henrys speech after all, these discussions smacked of treason, and keeping a written record would have been dangerous. In order for others to accept a different idea, they must first believe they are being respected. The rhetorical parenthesis is peace and reconciliation. A final example is when Henry says "if we wish to be free--if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending". 25. "The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave"(Par. The false dichotomy (either-or) fallacy gives only two options with no choices in between, and Henry uses this intentionally. (sentence 70) For instance, you can say that the antithesis of love isnt hate; its indifference.. In paragraph 4 Henry uses procatalepsis, an argumentative strategy that anticipates an objection and then answers it. Each month, our Buckley School resident students of classical rhetoric explain a rhetorical device that can improve your public speaking. What does "solace" mean? Henry uses this phrase because he wants to establish to his audience the great importance of acting upon the constraints and unjust of the British. This indicates the courage that Henry displays by making the speech and by implication he recognizes the courage that will be necessary for his fellow delegates to take action. If they do not take action they will end up being enslaved for sure. (6) It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, and fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country. All rights reserved. But different men often see the same This is a rhetorical shift in perspective that helps to prepare his audience. Two hundred forty years ago today, Patrick Henry made his immortal cry, "Give me liberty or give me death!" The statement came at the end of a speech Henry made to the Virginia House of. xref The two contrasting ideas are small step for man and giant leap for mankind.. Henry's feet are guided by one lamp and that is the lamp of experience. Henry uses this term again to show and explain how the people cannot dream or imagine hope being so easy to obtain. Henry uses this transition to shift the perspective from what has been heard to the ideas that he feels need to be discussed. 5. He is unwilling to accept anything less than liberty, and he will fight to the death to win it. Identify the three parts of his syllogism (Major premise [A], Minor premise [B], and Conclusion), citing evidence from the text. MR. PRESIDENT: (1) No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the House. In sentence 29 Henry states, They [the armies and fleets] are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging. He wishes to continue the image of slavery to explain that the Colonies have used argument to combat the attempts of the British to enslave them, but these efforts have failed. (50) Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? (12) For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it. 0000004778 00000 n It is taken from a soliloquy by the main character as he contemplates his next move. (53) Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. If there had been social media in 1775 would this speech have been interpreted differently? This ironic tone is conveyed with all his rhetorical questions. He makes it sound like the colonists really only have a choice between liberty and death, so which will they choose? What is his purpose in first asking if they are "disposed to see not, and hear not" and then stating, "I am willing to know the whole truth: to know the worst, and to provide for it"? They are used in Patrick Henry's extemporaneous speech "Give Me Liberty, or Give me Death." Henry, a revolutionary leader, made this speech at the meeting of the Virginia convention on March 23, 1775. Solace is comfort during a time of distress. 0000007399 00000 n Find at least one example of hypophora in this paragraph and explain its contribution to Henry's argument. "If we wish to be freeif we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contendingif we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained, we must fight!". Some examples of antithesis is "give me liberty or give me death" (Henry p6) - parallel of liberty and death emphasizes difference and the other one is "there is no retreat but in submission and slavery." Henry appeal the audience with Emotional appeals (pathos). Patrick Henry, the famous American Patriot, uttered the above words during a speech he gave, highlighting the main objective behind the American Revolution and explaining the lengths they were willing to go to. As a rhetorical device, antithesis is defined very specifically as the use of: The effect is to heighten the contrastand in many cases,vividly drive the speakers point home. 0000001256 00000 n Each paragraph is accompanied by a number of close reading questions designed to invite student analysis in four major areas: classical argument structure, diction and syntax, rhetorical strategies, and argumentative appeals (logos, ethos, and pathos). (20) Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? He clearly indicates that he chooses the second option. Henry again makes a Biblical allusion in sentence 18, "Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss." How does Henry attempt to connect the fate of Virginia to that of Boston, and why would he wish to make this connection? Why does Henry use the term gentlemen twice in the first two sentences? For more information on text complexity see these resources from achievethecore.org. 0000006808 00000 n What does Henry mean by awful moment in sentence 4? (70) Why stand we here idle? No guts, no glory. What is Henrys purpose in using this image in paragraph 3? Henry states that the privileges of the people will be taken away. Henry shifts tone in the beginning of this paragraph to irony, the use of language that conveys the opposite of the intended meaning. (60) There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! The most common types of informative speeches are definition, explanation, description, and demonstration. (68) The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! You may choose words, phrases, imagery, or other language elements. Who does Henry believe represents Judas and how does this allusion as a metaphor contribute to Henry's argument? 27. The purpose expresses that the battle is not only for the strong people who just want to fight, but that it is for the vigilant, active and brave people who want to fight the battle for a reason. There is a sense of intimacy, an opportunity to dive into another persons soul and watch the gears of their mind twist and turn. He is alluding to the sirens found in the epic The Odyssey. Antithesis, defined as the arrangement of two opposing ideas side-by-side in order to contrast them, is pretty close to the definition of another literary device called juxtaposition. What is Henry's purpose in using this image in paragraph 3? 9. In this paragraph, Henry responds to the opposing argument, giving reasons to refute it. (71) What is it that gentlemen wish? (54) Three millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. For permission requests, please contact NHC Education Programs. Resources for Understanding Text Complexity, Resources for Writing High-Quality Text Dependent Questions, Advisor: Robert A. Ferguson, George Edward Woodberry Professor in Law, Literature and Criticism, Columbia University, National Humanities Center FellowCopyright National Humanities Center, 2015. HdSMo0W(*d0X;dm7v)I4E=>]\",w:CM_U[:teQj5y^^Nl5sIF)RVbZ)^9* Z\ {y%MA.z1rf HlBRV@O]TnIfa_L6J" The artist is letting us know that even during the coldest of times, his girl keeps him warm. In sentence 7 Henry argues on the basis of "ethos," which is Greek for "character." Cite evidence from the text. 14. He wishes to inspire his colleagues to arms, in order to avoid the chains and slavery.. Another function of the exordium is to explain the purpose of the speech. Henry first mentions slavery in paragraph one when he contrasts it with freedom. He is presenting his opinion but at the same time respecting the speakers before him. Our online magazine with tips, news, and instruction for you. This comparison is explaining how the king will draw them in as well as forcing them into transforming their country if they chose to listen to his actions. 34. Henry uses the word hope several times in this speech. Why does he use the term ceremony? What is its purpose? You may choose words, phrases, imagery, or other language elements. What argument does he anticipate and what two rhetorical strategies does he use to refute it? 34 0 obj <> endobj Why? Henry returns to the metaphor of slavery to strengthen his argument regarding not taking action. He is emphasizing the time-sensitive nature of this debate and establishing the importance of immediate, serious discussion rather than a postponement of the issue (recall that some members of the Convention wished to wait until negotiations had run their course before beginning military preparedness). Why does he use this phrase? 30. ", -Michelle Obama, speaking at the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia. Find an example of metonomy and synecdoche in this paragraph and identify what each represents. (24) I ask, gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? How does this allusion contribute to Henrys argument? 4). 0000000016 00000 n Speaking in Public: Celebrating 35 Years of Friendly Debate, Quotes: How to Mark them in a Presentation, Speaking on a Panel: Seven tips to help you succeed, Your Big Idea: The Poster Approach to Public Speaking, Ways to Practice When Public Speaking Isn't Part of Your Job, speaking at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. This lesson is divided into two parts, both accessible below. A sentenia is an allusion to a proverb or saying to add credibility to an argument. In sentence 7 Henry is asking them to understand that he likewise is compelled to speak based on his own sense of integrity (if he holds back, he would consider himself guilty of treason). %%EOF What purpose does Henry establish, and to what is he appealing in order to emphasize this purpose? Henry displays an idea that the American people should fight back against the British. He inserts appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos. 4. Henry uses this allusion in where the colonies are Christ, and the British ministry is the equivalent of Judas. He inserts appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos. (2) But different men often see the same subject in different lights; and, therefore, I hope it will not be thought disrespectful to those gentlemen if, entertaining as I do, opinions of a character very opposite to theirs, I shall speak forth my sentiments freely, and without reserve. 0000003083 00000 n 4) means we have no choice on who rules us. Even when were not aware of it, were using many of the same rhetorical techniques Aristotle, Cicero, Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass. (74) Forbid it, Almighty God! A love sonnet can raise our spirits and remind us of cherished times, while a soliloquy can let us into a characters deepest and darkest thoughts. Henry uses multiple biblical allusions with which his educated audience would be familiar. (64) I repeat it, sir, let it come. He uses ironic rhetorical questions questions that convey the opposite of what he attempts to argue.