I dont think so, she said. 15.6% of 102 thousand people. He believes the key to finding the right place to live comes down to looking at the data, reading about things to do, and, most importantly, checking it out yourself before you move. Cecil Williams with Rev. California State Capitol - West Steps Sacramento, CA. [37] The Sweet Vengeance Mine was a gold mine in Browns Valley, discovered by African American miners during the Gold Rush. We use data, analytics, and a sense of humor to determine the dirt on places across the country. [29] The settlers and escort soldiers who founded the towns of San Jos de Guadalupe (San Jose), Yerba Buena (San Francisco), Monterey, San Diego, and La Reina de Los ngeles (Los Angeles) were primarily mestizo and of mixed Negro and Native American ancestry from the province of Sonora y Sinaloa in Mexico. African American Californians, or Black Californians are residents of the state of California who are of African ancestry. 50.54%. Well, this hasnt changed and if you werent aware they have a Sacramento chapter dedicated to ensuring the Nationwide, the community saw 35% growth. theGreater Sacramento Urban Leagueis just the right "It is carried out in the dark, of a population . TheGreater Sacramento Urban Leaguealso Our Safe Black Space Mind Body Spirit Resource Guide is a working list of local Black owned or run resources that are effectively serving members of the Black community. By clicking subscribe, you agree to the Terms. within their community all within the same organization. [93] In 2022, Blacks in California have died at a higher rate than other ethnic groups in from COVID-19 and had the lowest COVID-19 vaccination rates. Neighbors have asked her husband, who works at the local water district and runs his own apparel company, what sport he plays. workshops offer lessons in credit management, investing, saving, ET on Saturday, 3/4/2023. We limited our analysis to non-CDPs with a population greater than 5,000 people. Barbara Washington followed family from St. Louis to California in the 1970s, at the tail end of the migration that brought hundreds of thousands of Black people to California from the South. [98][99], Kamala Harris is the first African American female Vice President, and she was born and raised in California. [7][bettersourceneeded], California also has a growing Afro-Caribbean and Sub Saharan African population to the United States. Inglewood took the distinction of being the most Black, while Orland was the least African American city. in the society-at-large, improving the environment of their definitely a resource for such voice. [10] There is also a growing Blaxican population in Los Angeles. Wilson is one of around 275,000 Black Californians who have left high-cost coastal cities in the last three decades, sometimes bound for other states or cities, but more often to seek their slice of the American dream in the states sprawling suburban backyard. [52], In the 1920s during the end of the Barbary Coast-era, Terrific Street was an entertainment district in San Francisco and it was home to numerous black and tan clubs (interracial clubs that often highlighted African American culture). The team calculated California's maximum liability for discriminatory housing policies between 1933 and 1977 and settled on a figure of $569 billion. [19] The black population has also declined in San Francisco. Last fall, the 48-year-old Oakland native lost her job and had to leave her apartment in Vallejo. [45][46], Archy Lee had been formerly enslaved African-American and he was part of a series of notable 19th-century court cases that helped defined civil rights in the state by 1858. This is a review for soul food restaurants in Sacramento, CA: "This place is nowhere near my house, but it is pretty worth the 30 min drive. As a member youcan expect togain skills that If you are a WordPress user with administrative privileges on this site, please enter your email address in the box below and click "Send". Its just sad now that weve come so far to still be in the same place.. [34], After the discovery of gold in California on January 24, 1848, African Americans in search of wealth, and freedom arrived in the state during the California Gold Rush seeking their own gold discoveries. andSacramentos Black Chamber of Commerceis If you've been looking for a place to live in the past several years, you've probably stumbled upon his writing already. Black or African American. Most Sub Saharan Africans in California come from Ethiopia and Eritrea. TheSacramento Black Professionals Meetupis a group of Where do the black people live in Sacramento? their annual group trip, all while making new professional [52] More information appeared in journals such as The Journal of Negro history and The Journal of African American History. Roughly 30% of the entire Black population was below the age of 20 and 11% were 65 or older. youth, humanhealth and human [4][5] As of 2021, California has the largest multiracial African American population by number in the United States. Additionally, 28.9% of the population identifies as . Comparison pages include footnotes explaining that pre-2000 and post-2000 data comparisons will result in lower values for the separate race categories in proportion to the expected two or more race population. [63][64][65] The Rodney King beating was caught on videotape, and after the police acquittal verdict the event was followed by the 1992 Los Angeles riots. Victorvilles Black population has quadrupled since 1990, but its emblematic of many fast-growing exurbs where local institutions dont keep up with a changing population. On a local level, theNational Coalition of 100 Black Los Angeles and Sacramento, which are . . 9/28/22 - MLK Library - Meadowview. [58] Post-World War II, African Americans boosted their population enormously in California. Sacramento is currently growing at a rate of 1.09% annually and its population has increased by 3.34% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 524,943 in 2020. [35][36] Additionally white Southerners brought black slaves into the California mines starting in 1849, and were primarily migrating from Texas, Mississippi, Missouri, and Arkansas. CalMatters is a nonprofit newsroom and your tax-deductible donations help us keep bringing you and every Californian essential, nonpartisan information. Wednesday - by appointment. The U.S. Black population is young and growing. Indivizible is one of the greatest resources the city Elk Grove is currently growing at a rate of 1.28% annually and its population has increased by 3.94% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 176,124 in 2020. Any comparison of data from before 1990 only includes the white, Black, and Other race/ethnicity categories. The Black population, however, has seen the least growth, increasing only 1.6% since 2010. We will update this experience, including the 2010-2019 estimates, when the Bureau releases county-level 20102020 intercensal estimates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Multiple/Other. Her grandmother was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, and she sees things differently. about community service and the creation of wealth for social work in unison to further Indivizibles goals of strengthening LancasterOverall SnackAbility6/10Population: 171,820% African American: 19.96%# Of African American Residents: 34,297Percent Change Since 2010: 23.33%More on Lancaster: Real Estate|Data|PhotosSource: Wikipedia User City of Lancaster Lancast | CC BY-SA 3.08. Different vintage years of estimates are not comparable. ahealth and wellness program,economic But its been difficult to maintain because of a slow-down in building and patterns like a racial tipping point in suburban real estate, where white residents tend to flee as areas diversify. adevelopment of socially conscious female leaders who are Over a third of the U.S. Black population (35%) was 22 years or younger in 2019. The Census Bureaus Population Estimates Program data by county includes details like counts by age, race, or ethnicity and goes back for decades. training, online marketing for your business, online job and Most exiting California blacks are returning to Texas and the Atlanta metropolitan area. The Sacramento Branch of the National That lead us to the Census's most recently available data, the 2017-2021 American Community Survey data from the US Census. Black business owners always deserve an advocate for their voice Outer suburbs like Palmdale, Antioch and Elk Grove saw exponential growth. I feel like its better out there, especially for people of color, in the South.. African Americans accumulate close to 40 percent of homeless people in California. By DON THOMPSON June 30, 2021. In 2021, the number of Hispanic and Latino residents in California had surpassed the number of white . Sacramento, California. Despite the overall population gain, the number of people in "group quarters," such as college dorms, assisted living residences, and correctional facilities, was down significantly between 2020 and 2021. . [53], African Americans migrated during the Second Great Migration from the Southern United States (places like Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas) to the Northeast, Midwest and West to escape Jim Crow laws, between 1940 and 1970. tosignificantly increase the quality of life of the By clicking subscribe, you agree to theTerms. County name: Positions 1-15. Elk Grove is a city located in Sacramento County California.With a 2023 population of 183,057, it is the 25th largest city in California and the 150th largest city in the United States. 916-320-9573 sojomuseum@gmail.com. California's Asian population surged 25% over the last ten years. Accessibility Certification Racial Equity Action . [33] William Leidesdorff was black and multi-racial, he was one another founder of San Francisco. Scope: population of Sacramento and Natomas Park -2% 0% +2% +4% +6% % ref. [81], African American residents of California were first mentioned in 1919 by Black Californian historian Delilah Beasley, and later on Rudolph Lapp, others. local community outreach programs. But as most of the country struggled to get through the market collapse, Black people lost their homes and fast. How many people in Sacramento, California live in poverty? Between 2010 and 2021, the county grew by an average of 1% per year. The interactive map presents detailed crime and incarceration numbers, rates, and trends for California and each of its 58 counties. 10/18/22 - Robertson Community Center - North Sacramento . The Linksis definitely the organization for you. 2017-2021 American Community Survey data from the US Census, Best Places To Raise A Family In California, Download The Entire California Ranking Data, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone*. Measuring America's People, Places, and Economy. Published by Erin Duffin , Oct 6, 2022. SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) Hate crime in California surged 31% in 2020, fueled mainly by a big jump in crimes targeting Black people during a year that saw the worst racial strife in decades, according to an annual report released Wednesday by the state's attorney general. As most scholars and historians agree, an increase in the diversity in America is a good thing. (HTTP response code 503). RoadSnacks is reader-supported. "We are asking for the . Even for many Black Californians who did manage to buy property, the financial crisis a decade ago was crushing. If you're looking for a breakdown of African American populations across California according to the most recent data, this is an accurate list. contains all the data for the counties for that year. economic civil rights of all minority persons living in the city The most recent county-level data available by age, race, sex, and ethnicity are the Vintage 2020 Population Estimates (census.gov) for 2010 to 2019 and the Vintage 2021 Population Estimates (census.gov) for 2020 and 2021. has expandedconsiderably and takes pride in culturally According to the most recent American Community Survey, the Black population in California is 2,128,184 - at 5.4% of the total population of California. the black community and arent giving up on our communities. [106], Rev. As anaffiliate of theNational Urban League, Table. Editor's Note: We updated this article for 2023. There are more white people in the northeast areas of the city. There are so many reasons you should be at the next Indivizible Sacramento, CA 95814 916.321.9000 . [21] This has caused many blacks from California to move back to the Southern United States. Generated by Wordfence at Sat, 4 Mar 2023 15:31:22 GMT.Your computer's time: document.write(new Date().toUTCString());. 2251 Florin Rd. civil rights. In 2009, CJCJ developed the California Sentencing Institute as the foundation for data and research driven commentary on the broader public policy dialogue. You can download the data here. Wordfence is a security plugin installed on over 4 million WordPress sites. California cities make up seven of the top 10 US urban centers with the most diverse populations . So that's where we went to get the breakdown of race across California.That lead us to the Census's most recently available data, the 2017-2021 American Community Survey data from the US Census.Specifically, we looked at table B03002: Hispanic OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE. Increasing death rates and shorter life expectancies were growing concerns even before COVID-19. Dashboard. It made me want to force them to understand who I am, what Im about, and that I add value to this community just like everybody else.. [94], 82% of African Americans in California voted for Joe Biden in a exit poll in 2020. friendship with their peersas well as build relationships Professionalsis a volunteer affiliate of theGreater scholarship program),mentoring at local high schools, training, andsoftware production training coursesto So that's where we went to get the breakdown of race across California. Finally, we ranked each city based on the percent of Black population with a higher score being more Black than a lower score. 2021. Members are currentlyawaiting social activistJohn Dollars Average Household Income by Race County: Sacramento County: Sacramento State: California All White Black/African American American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Some Other Race 2+ Races 0 50k 100k 150k. Sacramento County's population increased 11 out of the 11 years between year 2010 and year 2021. Chart. Next 10 CitiesMethodology: How We Determined The Cities In California With The Largest Black Population For 2023We still believe in the accuracy of data -- especially from the census. Metro/micro Areas With Largest African American Population | Blackest Cities in America | (2020 US Census official count - Black Alone*) Click on the city name for more details about each city *SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171), Black Alone= not in combination with other race. ofSacramento has to offer. exposure with business referrals, entrepreneur education and speakers on the docket that are for sure to bring out a HIKING WITH HEALTH CONSCIOUS BLACK PEOPLE. [39], Some of the oldest African American churches in California are the Saint Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church of Sacramento (founded in 1850, formerly known as Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church), the Third Baptist Church in San Francisco (founded in 1852), Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church (Bethel AME Church) in San Francisco (founded in 1852), African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AME Zion Church) in San Francisco (founded in 1852),[40] and the First African Methodist Episcopal Church of Los Angeles (founded in 1872). . Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. . InglewoodOverall SnackAbility6/10Population: 108,206% African American: 39.86%# Of African American Residents: 43,135Percent Change Since 2010: -8.35%More on Inglewood: Real Estate|Data|PhotosSource: Wikipedia User Jengod at English Wikiped | CC BY-SA 3.0if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'roadsnacks_net-medrectangle-4','ezslot_6',340,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-roadsnacks_net-medrectangle-4-0');2. Though Anderson knows now that no place is perfect, one relic from South Central since rebranded as South L.A. helps reassure her decision. [58], The first university Black studies department in the United States was created at San Francisco State University, following the Third World Liberation Front strikes of 1968. 100 Black Men of Sacramentorecognize the crises taking over Demographics information provided by Claritas, updated March 2022, under these terms of use. It was riddled with racial slurs and said to get out soon., It didnt make me want to leave, Wilson said. At a Black population of 20.1%, you'll find more black professionals and singles in this neighborhood than others in Sacramento. Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) has as Users should exercise caution when comparing 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates to other ACS estimates. Museum Address. We all know the NAACAP as the organization willing to go the [90] African American students in lower education increased from 24 pupils in 1870, to 183 pupils by the late 19th-century; and they ranked the highest performing students in literacy subjects in 1900. More by Lauren Hepler, Sharie Wilson in the kitchen of her remodeled Elk Grove home on June 22, 2020. Or how the couple really paid for their house. 525,028), including age, race, sex, income, poverty, marital status, education and more. A study by The OBSERVER, published in early May, showed that African Americans make up 15 percent of the country's population but 52 percent of the homeless population. In Southern California, the population is concentrated in Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County, and San Diego County. ahead of the curve. [66] After the 1992 riots some 50 people were murdered, an estimated 2,000 people were injured and 8,000 people were arrested. [18] For example, many blacks from Los Angeles have moved to desert areas such as Palmdale and Lancaster in the 1990s. color and the overall empowerment of women of color. J. Gordon McPherson of . [70] In 2018, there are Black neighborhoods and cities with Black populations surpassing 15% in Southern California like in Compton, South Los Angeles and Inglewood, and in Northern California like Stockton,[71] Oakland, and Vallejo. Reparations for Black people, who as a demographic are disproportionately affected in this moment as a result of historic structural, institutional, and systemic racism . Harschs family later said he died by suicide. Please check them out and lend your support. Every decade, the Bureau reconciles these estimates and releases final data. Their goal is to help members create a young, diverse professionals coming together in a social and political, education, social and economic civil rights of all While a version of this geographic scramble is playing out for working and middle-class people of all races, the distinct obstacles that Black residents encounter in new communities raise the question: How far do you have to go today to find opportunity and are some things ever really possible to leave behind? YEAprovides students with theoretical and practical tools country. Sacramento Urban League, affording young adults, age 21-40, a GardenaOverall SnackAbility8/10Population: 60,917% African American: 18.99%# Of African American Residents: 11,567Percent Change Since 2010: -11.08%More on Gardena: Real Estate|Data|PhotosSource: Wikipedia User METRO96 | CC BY-SA 3.0if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'roadsnacks_net-leader-2','ezslot_14',701,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-roadsnacks_net-leader-2-0'); Population: 108,206% African American: 39.86%# Of African American Residents: 43,135Percent Change Since 2010: -8.35%More on Inglewood: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 96,083% African American: 26.68%# Of African American Residents: 25,631Percent Change Since 2010: -18.58%More on Compton: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 87,863% African American: 26.17%# Of African American Residents: 22,998Percent Change Since 2010: -2.49%More on Hawthorne: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 95,104% African American: 22.21%# Of African American Residents: 21,126Percent Change Since 2010: 1.07%More on Carson: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 437,548% African American: 21.61%# Of African American Residents: 94,543Percent Change Since 2010: -12.85%More on Oakland: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 14,914% African American: 20.01%# Of African American Residents: 2,985Percent Change Since 2010: 67.41%More on California City: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 171,820% African American: 19.96%# Of African American Residents: 34,297Percent Change Since 2010: 23.33%More on Lancaster: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 114,750% African American: 19.47%# Of African American Residents: 22,342Percent Change Since 2010: 34.96%More on Antioch: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 29,436% African American: 19.2%# Of African American Residents: 5,651Percent Change Since 2010: -0.72%More on Suisun City: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 60,917% African American: 18.99%# Of African American Residents: 11,567Percent Change Since 2010: -11.08%More on Gardena: Real Estate|Data|Photos. The three most popular states for Black ex-Californians were Nevada, Texas and Georgia, reflecting both a national reversal of last centurys Great Migration and movement to emerging middle class hubs for Black homeownership, education and entrepreneurship. In Sacramento, Asians saw the biggest surge of all ethnic groups, growing nearly 40% . Safe Black Space Mind Body Spirit Resource Guide [61][62], In 1991, Rodney King, an African American, was the victim of police brutality when he was beaten by three Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers during his arrest. considerable crowd, as well as get you motivated for growth. White 1 Hispanic 2 Black Asian Mixed 1 Other 1 QuickFacts provides statistics for all states and counties, and for cities and towns with a population of 5,000 or more. Throughout the 1840s and 1850s, California citizens and . 95822. She previously worked as a staff reporter for the However, over the last 20 years the Sacramento chapter The Burgess brothers are upset. If you want to rub shoulders with some of Sacramentos most These were the only categories included before 1990 for the available data. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'roadsnacks_net-medrectangle-3','ezslot_2',606,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-roadsnacks_net-medrectangle-3-0');Read on below to see how we crunched the numbers and how your town ranked. Within a month, she had a car, a job at a hotel and a two-bedroom duplex that cost $450 a month a rapid shift to financial independence that had seemed impossible back home. California's population increased 10 out of the 11 years between year 2010 and year 2021. Census data for Sacramento, CA (pop. White 1 Hispanic 2 Black Asian Mixed 1 Other 1 We limited our analysis to non-CDPs with a population greater than 5,000 people. Schools in the Sacramento region have become more segregated in recent decades, and when it comes to black and white students, are now almost as segregates as schools were in the early 1970's. members a window into what African Americans stand to gain, and In L.A. Council District 8, which encompasses Crenshaw, Leimert Park and Baldwin Hills, a 2018 survey aimed to decipher a 42% drop in the areas Black population in recent years. Address: 520 9th Street, Suite 100 Sacramento, CA 95814. teenage girls with theirFostering Hope programand are Contact. The Sacramento Black Professionals Meetup is a group of young, diverse professionals coming together in a social and informal setting to foster professional alliances. Its largest annual population increase was 0.9% between 2013 and 2014. [23][24][25] In 2019, African Americans were more likely to become homeless in California. [13] There is also a small Bahamian, Barbadian, Bermudan, British West Indian, Dutch West Indian, and Trinidadian population in California. sophomores and juniors. [73], In 2020, anti-black hate crimes in California has increased. Womenis working hard inAIDS/HIV prevention, assisting . Sacramento, California. Chasing Chains, LLC. In 2020, Sacramento, CA had a population of 503k people with a median age of 34.9 and a median household income of $65,847. Its a photo of her son at age 13 with three other boys. Wilson says that when the bought the home it was the worst on the block but was able to turn it into a space that shes proud of. mentoring. The median age of Black people in 2019 was 32, six years younger than the U.S. population's median age of 38. You can find out more about him on LinkedIn or his website. That left us with 427 cities. When Peter Burnett took the podium in Sacramento in 1849, . [17] Gentrification in California has caused many African Americans in California to become homeless and has pushed them out of historical urban centers like Oakland, San Francisco and Los Angeles, and into new cheaper suburban regions, like East Contra Costa, Inland Empire and Central Valley. [15] African Americans migrated from Southern states like Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas to California during the Second Great Migration. [38] Moses Rodgers was considered one of the best miners in the state. landscape. The less than 1 and 1 to 4 groups for the 1990 and 2000 censuses were combined to create a consistent 0 to 4 group across all available data. . Mental Health California. required to be successful in business and in life. Within four years, one was killed by gang violence, the other two incarcerated for retaliating. This underestimate is, effectively, zero for 2010 and grows each year to reach 1% by 2020. Estimates are not comparable to other geographic levels due to methodology differences that may exist between different data sources. And impatient. Clear 1 Table. Email. Their initiatives includeenhancing the quality of education ", Bradford, Eric. Be sure to sign up for news and alerts from the City's Historic Preservation team to learn about public meetings, and how to participate in the African-American Experience Project. This southeast neighborhood is just outside downtown Sacramento, making it ideal for professionals working downtown. Lines and paragraphs break automatically. Hispanics, who can be of any race, make up 42% of the population . community service projects, fundraising for scholarships and development trainings, networking opportunities and numerous The number of Black residents in the Sacramento region rose by about 9,000, or 6%. Lauren covers the California economy for CalMatters. There are now 42 million people who identify as Black or African American living in America, making up 12% of the total population. Tensions are high after the late May death of Malcolm Harsch, 38, who was found hanging from a tree near a Victorville library. influential decision makers, as well as collaborating with the social events. At the conventions they had elected delegates from the various counties and would discuss topics like slavery, public education, and voting rights. The owner of this site is using Wordfence to manage access to their site. Hope Bryant, CEO of Jamba JuiceJames Wrightand distance on issues regarding African Americans and our Many transplants pack up for the promise of homeownership, safety and better schools. minority persons. Shes now an organizer with Black-led activist group Moms 4 Housing, which has helped pay hotel bills during the pandemic. offers African American and other minority citizens an In 2000, just before Wilson left L.A., California had the countrys second-largest Black population at more than 2.2 million people. Understand the shifts in demographic trends with these charts visualizing decades of populationdata. communities. Photo by Anne Wernikoff for CalMatters. culture of wealth by working diligently to close the achievement The majority race in Sacramento overall is white at 52.7% of residents. talks of her Pinoy roots and writing the song featured in movie Judas and the Black Messiah, Blasians to Celebrate During Black History Month (and Every Other Month), "See All Our Favorite Celebrity 'Blasians' In Honor Of Asian Pacific American Heritage Month", Doja Cat denies 'stripping for white supremacists' and using racist insults, African American History in Mexican California, Black-Latino tensions on rise in California, https://www.nps.gov/juba/learn/historyculture/afro-latinos.htm, https://hyperallergic.com/494309/california-bound-california-african-american-museum/, https://theconversation.com/the-little-known-story-of-how-slavery-infiltrated-california-and-the-american-west-165705, California Once Tried to Ban Black People, The hidden toll of Californias Black exodus, https://books.google.com/books?id=To13wGCf-9UC&q=african+americans+in+california&dq=african+americans+in+california&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwif9tnGtp35AhURvpQKHWLCBpIQ6AF6BAgLEAM, Black and Brown in Los Angeles: Beyond Conflict and Coalition, LATINO GANG MEMBERS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARE TERRORIZING AND KILLING BLACKS, https://calisphere.org/exhibitions/t8/california-cultures-african-americans/, Racial/Ethnic Differences in Whos Leaving California, Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity, Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_California&oldid=1142153945, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles lacking reliable references from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Notable Black Californian politicians and political leaders, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 20:22.